Today, data is a vital aspect of any business. Companies use and construct various data structures to build customer relationships and respond to business queries. A wide range of technologies is applied to the data to understand customers and their requirements. Managed by distinct technologies and stocked up in several structures data analysis becomes a challenging task. However, the tools owned for analysis accept that the data is from a single technology and stored in an identical structure. Data engineering eases the process of providing reliable and secure data to scientists, data analysts, and other professionals who work with data regularly.

The importance of data engineering and its scope as a career choice has been growing exponentially in recent years as companies of varied sizes rely heavily on data. Some of the points that support the above statement are:

• Around 90% of the huge data has been produced in recent years; data is growing exponentially
• Data is managed through complex technologies such as NoSQL, relational databases, and Hadoop
• Engineering the data is the linchpin in many activities such as future prediction, modeling the customers, preventing threats, and a better understanding of business conditions
• The more complex the data, the higher the demand for data engineering roles as data engineering becomes critical in the future

Data engineering organizes and manages suitable data for different systems and various data consumers, such as system architects, business leaders, data analysts, and data scientists. Some vital areas of data engineering are:

• To gather the data requirements
• To maintain metadata
• To ensure the governance and security of data
• To store data
• To process data for specific requirements.

The above responsibilities are well addressed by data engineers through data acquisition, cleansing, conversion, disambiguation, and de-duplication. Hence, data engineers should possess the ability to work on different technologies using specialized tools.

Programming and math/statistics are two of the most critical technical abilities for a data engineer to acquire.

Programming: Software developers transitioning to an AI role or those with a computer science degree are likely to be familiar with a few programming languages. Python and R are two of the most widely used languages in AI, particularly machine learning. Every aspiring data and AI engineer must be well-versed in these two languages, as well as their most often used libraries and packages.

Math / Statistics: More than merely coding, data and AI engineering require math and statistics. Machine learning algorithms are based on statistical and probability notions. When verifying the authenticity and integrity of your data, you will also require a good grasp of terms like statistical significance.

Artificial intelligence and data engineering provide a reliable artificial intelligence solution that can work at scale by providing usable products to clients. Artificial intelligence and machine learning possess high demand for data that is impossible to scale by human engineers. To incorporate artificial intelligence capabilities and feed the data-hungry models many transformative technologies must be implemented for the analysis and storing of data. If the role of a data engineer lies in preparing the data, then the data scientist's responsibility is to use the data for the promotion of business decisions. To summarise, a career in data engineering is both challenging and rewarding because providing artificial intelligence assistance to a wide range of companies in industries such as healthcare, retail, finance, etc. becomes unrealistic without structured data and the technical resources to mine the data. Data engineering experts with technologies to mine the forthcoming zettabytes of data will be the need of the hour in the coming future.

Electronics and Communication Engineering have evolved as the spine of the technological innovations of modern times. From satellites to telecommunication to robotics to 3D gaming ECE graduates are in high demand in the labor market. Below we have listed some out-of-the-box careers for WCE pursuers.

• A career in the Internet of Things
  As IoT becomes streamlined, it is being applied to all areas of humans creating a sense of unity in society. smart cities, security, smart agriculture, and domestic automation are just a few examples. this has caused a flurry of activities among all industries, and now companies are looking for candidates with these abilities.
• A career in Computer Application Development
  Upon passing out engineering in computer science you can choose to work on the primary areas of computer science like algorithm development, structure, and administration of computers, application development using multiple programming languages, information managing, and handling, etc. Foraying in such skills will help you to explore career opportunities like Network Administrator, Web Designer, Web Developer, Database administrator, System Manager, Research Analyst, Computer Programmer, Software Developer, and Software Tester.
• A career in Cloud Technology and Information Security
  Aspirants who want to work in this field will have the opportunity to work on fundamentals of operating systems and programming languages and provide hands-on experience in Java programming, key aspects of android, data structures, and Linus. You will also have exposure to extensive knowledge about computer networks, mobile architecture, and app development. Concepts like the configuration of servers and database management are also a part of the course. You can expect to work for job titles like Cyber Security Consultant, Security Analyst, Security Architect, Security Engineer, Risk Analyst.
• A career in Artificial Intelligence
  With the concept of Industry 4.0 emerging along with the rise of exponential technologies, artificial intelligence is the most sought-after sector. Students interested in this field of technology can explore careers as Software Engineers, Software Developers, AI / Machine Learning software developers, AI / Machine Learning Specialist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer, NLP (Natural Language Processing) Engineer, Automation Engineer, Technical Support Engineer, Digital Transformation Consultant and lots more.
• A career in Gaming Industry
  This is another offbeat choice for students who want to pursue a technical career after computer engineering. You can explore the following career opportunities in the gaming industry.
  • Web designer
  • Character animator
  • Art designer
  • Game developer
  • Game tester,
  • Game modeler
  • Level designer
  • Game quality
  • Assurance tester
  • Programmer
  • Art designer
  • Level scripter
• A creative career in Graphics & VFX
  Graphics and VFX Course is another exciting career that students with computer engineering can foray into. Spirants can work in graphic designing, visual effects, fundamentals and techniques of VFX, Animation both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D), digital filmmaking, FX, Dynamics, and Simulation. If you are capable of thinking out of the box and yet utilizing your technical skills, graphics and VFX can be a great career choice for you.
• A career in Cybersecurity
  This career opportunity is also suitable for students of computer engineering where they will get the scope of working on the technologies of cyber security, application security for java/application security for .net, cyber-threat intelligence, cyber security incident handling, fundamentals of information security.

Dhivya S and Madhulekha Rakshit

Industry 4.0, which is referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, emphasizes automation as the key to production. 3D food printing has become a fundamental and automated aspect of food production and processing. Therefore, the issues such as printed food safety and the process of food printing will initially be confronted by customers. Let us discuss how 3D printing has revolutionized the food industry in a nutshell.

In general 3D printing is the additive process where a product is designed, coded, and then printed in three-dimensional form. In the 3D food printing manufacturing process, the ingredients are taken in the correct proportion and added to the cartridges, which are then extruded through the syringe in the coded ratio layer by layer. These filling ingredients are pre-heated for smooth flow and processing and maintained in the proper viscosity needed for shape retention. So, this type of manufacturing is the end of the fantasy.

3D printing was invented by a Japanese scientist in the 1980s. His design used a photosensitive resin whose polymerization was triggered by UV light. The technology was initially used by astronauts for space missions and later, products in puree or paste form were extruded and printed. So, the bakery and confectionary products come to the list first for 3D printing.

Companies like REM3DY Health, Natural Machines, etc., use 3D printers for their products. These are confectionery products that are flawless in terms of shape and color ratio, resulting in increased market share. All upcoming R&D ideas are keeping 3D printers as part of their novel product plans. Nutritionists use this technique to create and manufacture their products so they can maintain the right amount and healthier alternatives of raw material.

From the consumer’s point of view, 3D printed food products will be more attractive as they are customizable, artful, and intriguing. Bakers, for example, can produce their goods in less than 5 minutes with robots in the printers, allowing them to work faster and increase the value of their products. Extrusion-based printing (low viscous products), binder jetting (powdered form ingredients), and inkjet printing (surface decorating) are some of the types of printers available to producers. Depending on their needs, producers can choose one of these.

While discussing the advantages of 3D printing, their ability to design products that are complex, sophisticated, and difficult for a human to design is considered. Additionally, it offers the potential to completely automate food production processes, with substantial reductions in food waste. Some of these advantages are accompanied by disadvantages, such as it is not possible to print meat, fruit, vegetables, or rice by nature, so additives, such as hydrocolloids, are required to enable them to be extruded. Continual heating and cooling promote the growth of bacteria and fungi in food. However, the eco-friendly, sustainable and low waste generation characteristics of the 3D printed foods will make this technique successful in the future.

Engineering still features high on the list when it comes to graduate programmes in India, as this profession has shown flexibility and ability to adapt to changes in requirements, as well as providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills for a successful career. The disciplines of engineering teach students concepts of mechanics, civil engineering, urbanization technology, electronics and telecommunications, and other associated disciplines due to the high demand and comprehensive prospect of engineering as a career. Civil is one of the mother trades of engineering is one of the strongest and perennial disciplines of this technical academic course.

In the next ten years, given our cities and villages facing infrastructure problems, it is likely to become repetitive. While every industry is critical to economic development, infrastructure is a significant growth engine worldwide in the 21st century. In India, we need more highways, more airports, more houses, and more to meet the city’s mass urbanization pressures and collapse. Substantial progress can be achieved in all fields and major human-related improvements, civil engineers are expected to face many obstacles, including environmental infrastructure construction.

The career prospect of civil engineers had been slummy in India for some time back, however, since 2020 this trade has regained its stature with a boom in infrastructural domains due to the following factors

• Transportation Engineering for enabling Safe and secure transport
• Environmental Engineering a better and greener approach to infrastructural development
• Surveying of property development sites for accommodating population boom.
• Escalating structural engineering with better materials and smarter construction ideas
• Maintenance and Rehabilitation of the structures: Conservation of Heritage buildings

Career prospect of Civil Engineers in India
Once you have graduated in Civil Engineering from any of the accredited technical colleges or universities of India you can aspect a prosperous career in the following fields.

1. Building control surveyors
   Taking on this role involves overseeing workers and making sure building constructions go as smoothly as possible. Since this is a managerial position the job holder will have to take end-to-end responsibility of the building construction to ensure a streamlined operation.  This job provides job security, lucrative salaries, and endless opportunities for career advancement.
2. Scope of Entrepreneurship in Civil Engineering
   Formally trained civil engineers have a huge scope of becoming future entrepreneurs too! Fresh graduates, as well as experienced construction professionals, materialize their entrepreneurial dreams in numerous domains like
• Supplying construction materials
• Working as a civil contractor
• Managing and consulting on projects
• Marketing real estate
• Operating testing laboratories
• Supply equipment to construction sites
3. Construction Estimation Executive
   Developers in India increasingly are focusing on building sustainable and cost-effective-friendly buildings. When you take up a job as a construction estimator you are responsible for driving the project in the most streamlined and efficient as possible. With newer evolutions in the field of civil engineering, you can have a lucrative career in this specific job role.
4. Site Engineer
   As a site engineer, your primary duty is to envision and develop a project that will yield the best possible return on investment for the developer who has employed you. Since investors would always want to make the maximum out of their property and land investment in which site engineers can help them, this job role will always be in demand. Recently there has been a huge surge in the demand for site engineer professionals.
5. Quality Assurance Engineer
   Though it is a relatively new field in the civil engineering realm, it holds immense importance. Real estate developers and contractors in India today seek consultation from QC engineers to ensure their infrastructures are safely constructed and abide by all the rules and regulations.

In today's information technology world, data mining and cloud computing are emerging trends. The process of extracting information from raw data is known as data mining, and cloud computing provides scalable and flexible computing.

Cloud Computing concept
Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most popular and trending courses among IT enthusiasts in recent years. Cloud computing is now accepted by both small and large multinational corporate houses and not just IT professionals. This new technology has significantly aided individuals and businesses in storing data at a lower cost. Businesses are increasingly seeking professionals who have completed Cloud Computing courses like DevOps training.

Career Advantages of Cloud Computing

1. Job Flexibility: Cloud computing services are great for firms that are constantly growing and have changing bandwidth needs. Cloud allows you to effortlessly grow or scale up your cloud capacity to match your needs at any moment. If your needs are fewer than what you have selected, you can also scale down the same. In this fast-paced atmosphere, this gives you the potential to acquire an advantage over your competitors.
2. Global Accessibility: This is one of the numerous benefits of using the cloud. You have complete control over your data and may access it at any time and from any location. By ensuring global accessibility, an internet-connected infrastructure always maximizes organizational productivity. This also makes it very easy to share and collaborate with multiple users in multiple locations.
3. Security: Authentication IDs and passwords that are difficult to guess protect all of your data, information, applications, content, and photographs in the cloud. As a result, you don't have to be concerned about the database's security. Because your data is kept in the Cloud, you will not lose it if the system's hardware is broken. You can simply access your machine regardless of what happens to it.
4. Building Collaboration: Cloud computing enables you to access, share, and modify any document from any location. Using Cloud Computing technology, you and your staff can collaborate on a project from diverse locations. Cloud-based workflow and sharing tools enable real-time collaboration updates and visibility which in time will boost company's growth rate.

Cloud computing provides benefits to modern businesses, such as allowing multiple users to view data in real time and easily share projects. Working as a synchronized team is now easier and more accessible than ever thanks to cloud software and SaaS applications (Software as a Service). Simply put, cloud computing is internet-based computing, and moving to the cloud is the best way to keep your business current and competitive. And on the other hand, we can use data mining to make smart market decisions, run accurate campaigns, make predictions, and more; we can also use data mining to analyze customer behaviors and insights. This leads to enormous success and data-driven business. Hence, we conclude that cloud computing and data mining is one of the best courses one should opt for which helps one to grow in the business and the one who opts for this course will get their business analytics and technology skill upgrade.

Undoubtedly there are multiple career advantages of studying cloud computing and data mining and hence it is a great choice if you are choosing this course for your undergraduate or post graduate studies evidently you will enjoy a rewarding career.

From lightening up rural areas to powering up high voltage power manufacturing units, electrical engineers are required in every organization that deals in construction projects or deals with real estate or manufacturing or making human life easier. If you are keen on pursuing a career in the field of electrical engineering, there are some “must-have” skills that you must essentially possess, to build an outstanding career.

Below we have discussed some of the most essential qualities an electrical engineer must unfailingly have:

Formal technical training
The foundation of any engineering career rests on understanding the principle of science involved in it. Like in mechanical engineering you must have a fair knowledge of machines, similarly, in electrical engineering, you must have a strong grasp on circuits, conductors and others which you can attain only with a formal degree. You can pursue B. Tech in electrical engineering if you have dreams of making a successful electrical engineering career. It is a six-semester formal technical training in electrical engineering that is awarded by all the reputed colleges and universities.

An analytical and rational mind
The projects in which electrical engineers are involved, they have to contribute in every stage from planning to procuring to design and execution. For completing all these procedures, he will come across many roadblocks. He must hence have a critical and analytical mind that will help him to anticipate problems and solve them at an initial stage. Prospective electrical engineers must be rational enough to provide innovative, cost-effective, and secured solutions for problems.

Flexible speaking and writing capabilities
Electrical Engineers have to work and coordinate with a diverse category of people. Right from communicating with the management for approval, to getting work done with the workmen, to dealing with raw materials suppliers, a lot of responsibility rests with electrical engineers. The mode of communicating with a construction worker is completely different from that of speaking with the management. Hence a to be a successful civil engineer, you must develop versatile communication skills.

Acumen in Physics and Mathematics
An electrical engineer is responsible for various calculations on the construction site. The design involves using a lot of calculations and theories which as an engineer he is responsible for. He must be efficient in calculating the ratio and proportions or voltage, quality of electrical equipment and raw materials along with acumen in physics and engineering principles which is essential for successful completion of construction.

A sporting team player
Every profession demands good team playing skills and electrical engineers are no exception. An electrical engineer has to work in liaison with different departments, so he /she must have the natural team spirit of working together with all. A project is easily and successfully done if all the teams act in cohesion especially when the work is very challenging and comprehensive.

Adaptableness
Every organization has multiple projects going on at the same time as an electrical engineer you might have to handle multiple projects at the same time. You will have to handle diverse teams with different, ethnicity and different values. Adjusting to different geographic and cultural conditions is also a challenge for prospective electrical engineers. Adaptableness to any terse situation is hence an essential condition for all would-be engineers.